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72110

Radiologic examination, spine, lumbosacral; minimum 4 views

Radiology X-Ray 3.17 Total RVUs
Quick Reference
For lumbosacral spine X-ray with minimum 4 views

Audit Defense & Denial Intelligence

Research-based denial patterns from OrbDoc Bill Analyzer

High overall risk
Top issues: Not medically necessary - conservative treatment not attempted, Should bill 72100 (2-3 views) instead - 4+ views not necessary

1. Not medically necessary - conservative treatment not attempted

Very Common

72110 (lumbar spine X-ray 4+ views) is heavily scrutinized for low back pain. Most payers require 4-6 weeks of conservative treatment (PT, NSAIDs, activity modification) before approving lumbar imaging unless red flags present. This is the most commonly denied imaging code for non-compliance with treatment guidelines.

Common Causes

  • Lumbar X-ray ordered at first visit for acute low back pain without red flags
  • No documentation of conservative treatment trial
  • Chronic back pain without new symptoms or failed treatment documentation

Resolution Strategy

Appeal with: (1) Red flags (trauma, neurological deficits, saddle anesthesia, bowel/bladder changes, progressive weakness), OR (2) Failed 4-6 weeks conservative treatment. Workers comp cases often approved without conservative treatment requirement. If routine back pain without trial of treatment, denial typically upheld.

Appeal Success: Medium

2. Should bill 72100 (2-3 views) instead - 4+ views not necessary

Common

72110 requires minimum 4 views and higher complexity clinical indication. Payers may downgrade to 72100 (2-3 views) if comprehensive oblique views not medically necessary. Simple low back pain evaluation typically doesn't require 4+ view study.

Common Causes

  • Ordered 4-view study for routine low back pain evaluation
  • No documentation of need for oblique views (e.g., suspected spondylolisthesis)
  • Only AP and lateral views obtained but 72110 billed

Resolution Strategy

Verify actual number of views documented. If 4+ views truly obtained and documented, appeal with clinical indication for comprehensive study (suspected spondylolisthesis, scoliosis evaluation, pre-surgical planning). If fewer views or routine evaluation, downgrade to 72100 appropriate.

Appeal Success: Low
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Relative Value Units (RVUs)

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Work RVU
0.70
Physician effort
PE RVU
2.40
Practice expense
MP RVU
0.07
Malpractice
Total RVU
3.17
Combined value
Dollar reimbursement rates vary by locality and payer. RVUs shown for relative comparison only.
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Clinical Information

When to Use

For lumbosacral spine X-ray with minimum 4 views

Time Requirement
15-20 minutes typical procedure time

Common Scenarios

Complete lumbosacral spine evaluation
Lumbosacral spine trauma evaluation
Comprehensive low back evaluation
Postoperative lumbosacral spine evaluation
Lumbosacral spine pathology comprehensive evaluation

Documentation Requirements

  • Indication for lumbosacral spine X-ray
  • Minimum 4 views obtained
  • Findings and interpretation
  • Alignment assessment
  • Report documentation

Coding Guidelines

Common Modifiers

26 Professional component only (interpretation)
TC Technical component only (equipment/staff)
59 Distinct procedural service if performed separately

Bundling Rules

  • Includes minimum 4 views lumbosacral spine
  • Includes interpretation and report
  • Fewer views coded separately
  • Additional views bundled
  • Other spine regions coded separately

Exclusions

  • 72020 (spine, single view)
  • 72100 (lumbosacral spine, 2 or 3 views)
  • 72070 (thoracic spine, 2 views)
  • 72040 (cervical spine, 2 or 3 views)

Coding Notes

No global period - diagnostic procedure
Minimum 4 views lumbosacral spine
Professional and technical components may be separate
Document indication and findings

Clinical scenarios

Complete lumbosacral spine evaluation
Complete lumbosacral spine evaluation
When to use:For lumbosacral spine X-ray with minimum 4 views
  • Indication for lumbosacral spine X-ray
  • Minimum 4 views obtained
  • Findings and interpretation
Pitfalls:Not medically necessary - conservative treatment not attempted; Should bill 72100 (2-3 views) instead - 4+ views not necessary
Lumbosacral spine trauma evaluation
Lumbosacral spine trauma evaluation
When to use:For lumbosacral spine X-ray with minimum 4 views
  • Indication for lumbosacral spine X-ray
  • Minimum 4 views obtained
  • Findings and interpretation
Pitfalls:Not medically necessary - conservative treatment not attempted; Should bill 72100 (2-3 views) instead - 4+ views not necessary
Comprehensive low back evaluation
Comprehensive low back evaluation
When to use:For lumbosacral spine X-ray with minimum 4 views
  • Indication for lumbosacral spine X-ray
  • Minimum 4 views obtained
  • Findings and interpretation
Pitfalls:Not medically necessary - conservative treatment not attempted; Should bill 72100 (2-3 views) instead - 4+ views not necessary

Who are you?

Code Details

Code 72110
Category Radiology
Subcategory X-Ray
Total RVUs 3.17

Medicare Pricing

PFS
2025 National Rate
$50.46
Facility
$50.46
Non-Facility
$50.46
RVU Breakdown
Work RVU:0.26PE RVU:1.28MP RVU:0.02Total RVU:1.56CF:$32.3465Global Days:XXX
OPPS Details
APC:5522Status:Q1Copayment:
Physician Fee Schedule: Medicare pays physicians based on Relative Value Units (RVUs) multiplied by a conversion factor.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is CPT code 72110?

CPT 72110 is the billing code for "Radiologic examination, spine, lumbosacral; minimum 4 views". For lumbosacral spine X-ray with minimum 4 views

How much does Medicare pay for CPT 72110?

Medicare pays approximately $50.46 for CPT 72110 (national average). Actual payment varies by geographic location due to GPCI adjustments. Hospital and commercial insurance rates are typically 2-4x higher than Medicare rates.

What are the RVUs for CPT 72110?

CPT 72110 has a total RVU of 3.17, broken down as: Work RVU 0.70, Practice Expense RVU 2.40, and Malpractice RVU 0.07. RVUs (Relative Value Units) determine Medicare reimbursement rates.

Why was my 72110 claim denied?

The most common denial reason for CPT 72110 is "Not medically necessary - conservative treatment not attempted". 72110 (lumbar spine X-ray 4+ views) is heavily scrutinized for low back pain. Most payers require 4-6 weeks of conservative treatment (PT, NSAIDs, activity modification) before approving lumbar imaging unless red flags present. This is the most commonly denied imaging code for non-compliance with treatment guidelines. Common causes include: Lumbar X-ray ordered at first visit for acute low back pain without red flags; No documentation of conservative treatment trial. Appeal success rate is approximately 40-60%.

What documentation is required for CPT 72110?

Key documentation requirements for CPT 72110 include: Indication for lumbosacral spine X-ray; Minimum 4 views obtained; Findings and interpretation; Alignment assessment. Missing or incomplete documentation is a leading cause of claim denials for this code.

Can CPT 72110 be billed with other codes?

Bundling considerations for CPT 72110: Includes minimum 4 views lumbosacral spine. Includes interpretation and report Use an NCCI bundling checker to verify specific code combinations before billing.

What modifiers are commonly used with CPT 72110?

Common modifiers for CPT 72110 include: 26 (Professional component only (interpretation)), TC (Technical component only (equipment/staff)), 59 (Distinct procedural service if performed separately). Modifiers indicate special circumstances and can affect reimbursement or prevent claim denials.

What is the time requirement for CPT 72110?

The typical time requirement for CPT 72110 is 15-20 minutes typical procedure time. Time-based codes require documentation of the actual time spent providing the service.

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